Frank bowman



(No Model.)

F. BOWMAN.

No. 483,893. Patented Oct. 4, 1892.

THE NURRIS FE'IERS 0a., mom-Limo wnsmnm'au, u, c

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

FRANK BOWMAN, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

BOOK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 483,893, dated October 4, 1892.

I Application filed June 10, 1892. Serial No. 436,217- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK BOWMAN, a citi zen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Books, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to a new and useful improvement in book-backs of that class covered by my former patent, No. 467,7 89, granted January 26, 1892, and is designed more particularly for the backs of invoice and scrap books, which especially require a very strong and rigid flat inner back to withstand the constant rough usage which they receive in practice.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of myimproved book opened. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view of it opened, and Figs. 3 and 4 are detail views hereinafter referred to.

In the drawings, a a designate the covers, which are flexibly secured to the concaved outer back I) by the fabric 0. This fabric is glued or otherwise secured to the outer side of the concaved back and the inner ends of the covers and extends the full length of the book. lVithin this concaved outer back is secured the inner back d, which consists of the upper flat strip e and the lower concaved strip f, these strips being formed of binders board or other suitable material. The strips 6 and f are secured together by means of the fabric g, which is glued or otherwise secured to the under side of the strip 6 and has its ends turned under and glued to the lower side of strip f, enveloping said strip, as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, and forming an exceedingly strong and durable back. The upper longitudinal edges of strips f are beveled and bear against the under side of strip 6, as shown, and may be glued thereto. This inner back (1 is then glued or otherwise secured in the concavity of the outer back, and to further secure it therein and strengthen the back a fabric h is glued over the upper side of strip e and is extended out on both sides of said strip and glued to the inner edge of the covers, on the inner sides thereof, as shown, said fabric extending the full length of the book.

The signatures or sections of the book are secured to the strip e before said strip is secured to concave strip f. The fabrics h and g are first glued to the upper and lower sides, respectively, of strip e, and the fastening which secure the sections or signatures to said strip are passed through said fabrics, as shown in Fig. 3, thereby providing a secure fastening for the sections of the book and ma- 5o terially aiding in securing the fabric h to the under side of strip f.

In Fig. 3 of the drawings I have shown the signatures secured to strip 6, the fabrics g and h being secured to said strip, and the strip f is shown detached from fabric 9.

As shown in Fig. 4, the fabric 9 may be secured on the upper side of the flat strip e in- 3/ stead of upon its lower side, and, as also shown in this view, the flat strip may be reinforced by having another strip secured to it, this double flat strip being particularly desirable for heavy scrap-books.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters 7 5 Patent, is

1. In a book, the combination of an outer stiff concaved back, covers flexibly secured thereto, a rigid inner back secured permanentlyin the concavity of the outer back, consisting of the lower rigid concaved strip and the upper flat strip secured across the concavity of the lower strip, and signatures secured to said fiat strip, substantially as described. I

2. In a book, the combination of an outer rigid concaved back, covers flexibly secured thereto, a rigid inner back securedin the concavity of the outer back, consisting of the lower curved strip, the upper flat strip, and the fabric g, secured to the under side of the upper fiat strip, its ends being turned under and glued to the under side of the concaved strip, thereby enveloping said strip, and sig natures secured to the upper fiat strip, substantially as described.

3. In a book, the combination of an outer rigid concaved back, covers flexibly secured thereto, an inner rigid back constructed of ing through said strips and fabrics g and h, fiat strip e and lower curved strip f and fabsubstantially as described. 10 ric 9, said inner back secured in the concavity In testimony whereof I affix my signature in of the outer back, a fabric h, secured over the presence of two witnesses.

5 upper flat strip e of the inner back and to the FRANK BOWMAN.

inner ends of the covers on the inner side Witnesses: thereof, and signatures secured to the upper JOHN C. HASTIE,

strip e, the fastening of said signatures pass- ALBERT E. OUTHBERT. 

